From: Dan Jones (dan@feuchard.fsnet.co.uk)
Date: Tue May 21 2002 - 10:31:47 EST
Adam Walker escreva:
>Infinitive
>
>Latin esse
>Spanish ser
from Vulgar Latin sedere "to sit"
>Portugu. ser
ditto
>Catalan e'sser
VL essere, analogical form of esse
>French e^tre
VL stare "to stand, to be located"
>Occitan e`sser
as Catalan
>Italian essere
as Catalan
>Sardini. essere
ditto
>R-R (Sur) e`sser
ditto
>Rumanian a fi
CL fieri "to become"
>Sicilian essiri
as Catalan.
>Present
>1st sg.
>
>Lat. sum
>Spa. soy
VL su: (i.e., final -m was lost)
>Por. sou
ditto
>Cat. so'(c)
ditto
>Fre. suis
ditto
>Occ. soi
ditto
>Ita. sono
VL sumo:/suno:, from CL sum with regular 1s ending -o: added.
>Sar. so`e
as Spanish, IIRC
>R-R. sun
as Italian
>Rom. si^nt
as Italian, with later analogical levelling with 3p.
>Sic. sugnu
as Italian.
>Pres 2nd sg
>
>Lat. es
>Spa. eres
from CL eris, the future form.
>Por. e's
from CL
>Cat. ets
ditto
>Fre. es
ditto
>Occ. e's
ditto
>Ita. sei
ditto, with initial s- by analogy with other forms
>Sar. ses
ditto
>R-R. eis
from CL
>Rum. es,ti
back formation on 2p estis.
>Sic. si
as Italian
>Pres 3rd sg
>
>Lat. est
>Spa. es
from CL
>Por. e'
ditto
>Cat. e's
ditto
>Fre. est
ditto
>Occ. es
ditto
>Ita. e'
ditto
>Sar. est
ditto
>R-R. ei
ditto
>Rum. e(ste)
ditto
>Sic. e'
ditto
>Pres 1st pl
>
>Lat. sumus
>Spa. somos
from CL
>Por. somos
ditto
>Cat. som
ditto
>Fre. sommes
ditto
>Occ. se'm
ditto
>Ita. siamo
ditto
>Sar. semus
ditto
>R-R. essan
formed on the infinitive essere.
>Rum. si^ntem
IIRC, this is by analogy with 1s and 3p
>Sic. semu
as Spanish
>Pres 2nd pl
>
>Lat. estis
>Spa. sois
from VL sotis, by analogy with 1s, 1p and 3p
>Por. sois
ditto
>Cat. sou
ditto
>Fre. e^tes
from CL
>Occ. se'tz
from CL sitis, the subjuctive form, IIRC
>Ita. siete
ditto
>Sar. sedzis
ditto
>R-R. essas
formed on infinitive
>Rum. si^ntet,i
by analogy with 1s, 3p, 1p
>Sic. siti
as Italian
>Pres. 3rd pl
>
>Lat. sunt
>Spa. son
from VL son
>Por. sa(tilde)o
ditto
>Cat. so'n
ditto
>Fre. sont
ditto
>Occ. son
ditto
>Ita. sono
ditto
>Sar. sun
ditto
>R-R. ein
formed on infinitive
>Rum. si^nt
as Spanish
>Sic. si/sunnu
ditto
>While many of these Romance terms are clearly derived from the Latin word,
>many others are clearly NOT and some I'm just not quite sure about.
>
>It would seem that only 6 of the infinitives (Cat. Occ. Ita. Sard. R-R and
>Sic.) come from the Latin infinitive. Whence do the otheres derive?
>
>With the Present 1st sg it looks like 6 come from sum.
>
>With the 2nd sg and 2nd pl it looks like only 2 come from the Latin.
>
>I'm assuming that the others are suppletive forms and not out right
>coinages. Which verms do the other forms come from???
All of these are derived from Latin, but changes came about through analogy
with other forms or the infinitive (all the plural forms in Rhaetic) or due
to phonological developments making differentiation different, e.g. es and
est would have converged in Spanish, so es was replaced, es would normally
have given *ei in Italian, so an initial s- was added to fully distinguish
from e'.
Dan
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Uómatra udantós névesto filí noriuláns uá
pátreme soncerrant déva Alánziae oronévio
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